"한국이해자료 - Korea in the World (영어, English)"의 두 판 사이의 차이
| 57번째 줄: | 57번째 줄: | ||
==3. Economic Growth== | ==3. Economic Growth== | ||
| + | ===GORYEO AND JOSEON=== | ||
| + | |||
| + | ====Goryeo==== | ||
| + | The Goryeo Kingdom came to power in 935 AD after absorbing Silla. Goryeo adopted Buddhism as its national religion, and several excellent Buddhist works of art were produced during this period. The kingdom also maintained an open foreign policy. Thus, the Goryeo Kingdom became known among foreigners as ‘Korea.’ Goryeo lasted for around 470 years until the rise of the Joseon Dynasty at the end of the 14th century. | ||
| + | |||
| + | '''The Tripitaka Koreana''' | ||
| + | The Tripitaka Koreana is the world’s most comprehensive collection of ancient Buddhist scriptures. | ||
| + | Carved onto 81,258 wooden blocks, this extensive work, which was completed in the 13th century during | ||
| + | the Goryeo Kingdom, was a way of requesting Buddha’s protection from the invading Mongols. Each block | ||
| + | contains roughly 320 Chinese characters on each side. Overall, about 52 million characters were meticulously | ||
| + | carved with a great degree of regularity. There are virtually no errors across the entire set. | ||
==4. Embracing Democracy== | ==4. Embracing Democracy== | ||
2016년 9월 6일 (화) 15:13 판
목차
1. Introduction
The Republic of Korea (South Korea) occupies the southern half of the Korean Peninsula. Across the Yellow Sea to its west lies China. Japan lies to the east across the East Sea. The Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (North Korea) occupies the northern half of the peninsula.
General
- Official Name: The Republic of Korea
- Location: 38°N and 33°N latitude and 126°E longitude
- Area: 100,266km2 (2013)
- Capital: Seoul (9,926,000) (2013)
- Population: 50,220,000 (2013)
- Population Density: 501 persons/km2 (2013)
- Language: Korean (Writing system: Hangeul)
- Religion: Buddhist (22.8%), Protestant (18.3%), Catholic (10.9%), Other (1.1%), Unaffiliated (46.9%)
- Government: Presidential republic
- Mean Temperature: -2.5℃ (January) to 25.4℃ (August)
- National Flag: Taegeukgi
- National Flower: Mugunghwa (rose of Sharon)
Economics
- GDP (nominal): US $1,417 billion (2014)
- GDP Per Capita (nominal): US $28,101 (2014)
- GDP (PPP): US $1,779 billion (2014)
- GDP Per Capita (PPP): US $35,277 (2014)
- GNI (nominal): US $1,366 billion (2014)
- GNI Per Capita (nominal): US $27,090 (2014)
- GNI (PPP): US $1,746 billion (2014)
- GNI Per Capita (PPP): US $33,620 (2014)
- Exports: US $573 billion (2014)
- Imports: US $526 billion (2014)
- Gini: 31.1 (2011)
- HDI (Human Development Report): 0.891 (15th) (2013)
- Major Industrial Products: Semiconductors, Automobiles, Shipbuilding, Consumer electronics, Mobile telecommunications, Steel
- Currency: Won (KRW, Korean Republic Won), (US $1 = 1,060 won) (2014)
2. History
EARLY KOREA
The Korean peninsula has been inhabited since the Old Stone Age. By the Bronze Age, settlers had established the first official state of Gojoseon (Old Joseon). Koreans still refer to the founder of Gojoseon as ‘Grandfather Dangun.’ According to the ancient legend, Dangun was the son of a bear and the heavenly king’s son, Hwanung, who descended from heaven to live with the people of the land. Gojoseon was the ruler of the northern part of the Korean peninsula, as well as a large area of today’s Manchuria. The kingdom prospered for a long time before being destroyed by the Han Dynasty in 108 BC.
THREE KINGDOMS OF KOREA
Three separate kingdoms fought for supremacy on the peninsula from the 1st century BC until the 7th century AD. Goguryeo in the north, Baekje in the southwest, and Silla in the southeast were eventually unified under Silla in 676 AD. A long period of peace followed under Silla until the early 10th century when it became weak and was forced to submit to the new Kingdom of Goryeo in 935 AD. Remarkable developments took place in the arts and sciences during the unified Silla period, especially in the areas of Buddhism, architecture, astronomy, agriculture and literature.
Religion in Korea Buddhism was introduced to Korea via China in 372 AD, and rapidly permeated the Korean mindset, culture and spiritual life. Buddhism was the national religion from the time of the Three Kingdoms until the Kingdom of Goryeo. The Joseon Dynasty (1392-1910) later adopted Confucianism as its governing philosophy. Catholicism was introduced to the peninsula in the late 18th century, and Protestantism was introduced in the late 19th century. At first, the authorities tried to suppress Christianity, but the number of believers continued to grow throughout the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Today, around 30 percent of Koreans consider themselves to be Christians. Nonetheless, Buddhism remains popular in modern Korea, and Confucianism continues to heavily influence social norms, especially the Korean work ethic. A variety of other religions are freely practiced in South Korea, including Islam.
3. Economic Growth
GORYEO AND JOSEON
Goryeo
The Goryeo Kingdom came to power in 935 AD after absorbing Silla. Goryeo adopted Buddhism as its national religion, and several excellent Buddhist works of art were produced during this period. The kingdom also maintained an open foreign policy. Thus, the Goryeo Kingdom became known among foreigners as ‘Korea.’ Goryeo lasted for around 470 years until the rise of the Joseon Dynasty at the end of the 14th century.
The Tripitaka Koreana The Tripitaka Koreana is the world’s most comprehensive collection of ancient Buddhist scriptures. Carved onto 81,258 wooden blocks, this extensive work, which was completed in the 13th century during the Goryeo Kingdom, was a way of requesting Buddha’s protection from the invading Mongols. Each block contains roughly 320 Chinese characters on each side. Overall, about 52 million characters were meticulously carved with a great degree of regularity. There are virtually no errors across the entire set.
