The Korean House - VARIOUS FEATURES OF THE URBAN DETACHED HOUSE
| Understanding Korea Series No.5 | ||
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| 1) Transformation in Korean Housing aft er Liberation | VARIOUS FEATURES OF THE URBAN DETACHED HOUSE | 2) The Popularization of the Apartment |
The exteriors of detached houses of the 1960s looked like those of yangok, but the interiors were similar to those of hanok. There were also some changes to the layout of the house. These changes included a shift from a wooden structure to brick walls with a wooden roof frame, the use of a pointed roof with cement tiles, and the same L-shaped floor plan with an additional loft that created an upper floor. In the yard, there was a bathroom, a jangdokdae (place for clay pots), toilet, and general storage space, among other things. Most of these facilities had direct contact with the maru. Therefore, the means of using the yard was similar to that of hanok.[1]
In the 1970s, the floor of the house was installed about one meter above the ground level while a semi-basement was created underneath the floor to use as extra living space or storage. This semi two-story house was popular.[2] A connection between the interior space and the yard was reduced and limited to the stairway in front of the entrance. The kitchen and agungi were installed on the same floor level as the backyard. The yard was then transformed from a work space, which was no longer necessary, into a garden, and a terrace was installed in front of the living room. This new housing layout was called the “French” or “Swiss” style[3] because the cement roof tiles were painted either red or blue, covering the pointed gable roof and giving it an exotic appearance.
From the late 1970s, the complete two-story house layout became more common than the semi-two-story house. With the emergence of leasing out the basement for rent, a plan was introduced to separate the flow of movement for each floor of the house by setting up separate entrances out of consideration for multihousing. Moreover, reinforced slabs were adopted as a roof structure during this period, leading such houses to be called “slab houses”[4]—a trend that continued into the 1980s.[5] Later, the roof style changed back to a hipped roof with protruding eaves and a reinforced slab.[6]
Footnote
- ↑ Jo Yong-hoon, “Hanguk dosijutaek-ui byeoncheon-e daehan yeongu” (A study on the transformation of Korean urban housing) (master’s thesis, Seoul National University, 1984), pp. 69–73.
- ↑ Jeon BongHee and Kwon Yong-chan, Hanok-gwa hanguk jutaek-ui yeoksa (History of hanok and the Korean House), p. 190.
- ↑ Jo Yong-hoon, “Hanguk dosijutaek-ui byeoncheon-e daehan yeongu” (A study on the transformation of Korean urban housing), pp. 78–82.
- ↑ Jeon BongHee and Kwon Yong-chan, Hanok-gwa hanguk jutaek-ui yeoksa (History of hanok and the Korean House), p. 190.
- ↑ Ibid., pp.86–87, p. 92.
- ↑ Jo Yong-hoon, “Hanguk dosijutaek-ui byeoncheon-e daehan yeongu” (A study on the transformation of Korean urban housing), p. 88.
